View Here - In 2015, the City of Ottawa created this short, animated video to help people understand the community impacts that minimum parking standards have on an urban area over time + the benefits of pursuing more flexible standards and prioritizing multimodal options. By the City of Ottawa, Oct. 2015.

View Here – Planners in cities of all sizes are reevaluating parking requirements in part because of their effect on housing affordability. This article lists various national example of how development trends may favor affordability when the parking code is more flexible and/or minimums are eliminated. By Jeffrey Spivak for the American Planning Association, Oct. 2018.

View Here - A shifting retail landscape has had cascading effects on various elements of our communities and parking is not exempt. This article take a look at how the transition to online shopping has not only led to less foot traffic in store, but has resulted in far less automobiles in their parking lots. By Laura Bliss for Bloomberg CityLab, Nov. 2018.

View Here - This article, which features some data on the economic impact of Seattle’s flexible parking policy (in place since 2018), highlights how parking reform to match the unique development needs of the city can save hundreds of millions, while also allowing for the development of housing for people instead of cars. While Seattle is a much larger city than Lexington, scaling Seattle’s “less-is-more” approach is one that many other small- to medium-sized cities have undertaken to much the same result – less parking equals more dollars for higher and better uses and infrastructure. By Eric Sundquist for State Smart Transportation Initiative, Feb. 2, 2021.

View Here - This calculator allows interested users to calculate right sized parking for multi-family housing sites based on existing supply and demand in specific areas. The tool "lets users estimate parking use in the context of a specific site, based on a model using current local data of actual parking use correlated with factors related to the building, its occupants, and its surroundings—particularly transit, population and job concentrations." The tool is intended to be used as a planning tool to inform discussion, rather than to be taken as definitive regulation. This point is tied to the necessary consideration of multiple other factors to discuss when pursuing any multi-family project. King County Metro Transit, Aug. 2015.

View Here - An article detailing the "precise but uncertain" nature of the Institute of Transportation Engineers' (ITE) Parking Generation and Trip Generation data, which are two of the most commonly used resources by municipalities setting and/or updating parking regulations within the communities they serve. By Donald Shoup for Access Magazine, Spring 2002.

View Here - An examination of the various impacts, benefits and costs of different land use development patterns on transportation planning and implementation. These various economic, social, and environmental impacts - depending on the planning decisions made - can have widespread impacts, positive or negative, that can shape entire cities.

View Here - This article provides a comprehensive comparison of the inter-city differences in parking prices to answer the question - "How much does it cost to park in different cities around the nation?" Louisville, Kentucky made the list of metropolitan areas evaluated in this study, with the monthly cost of parking near Louisville's City Hall calculated to about $65 per month. By Joe Cortright for City Commentary, Oct. 2016.

View Here - In 2017, planners and elected officials in Buffalo, New York reformed their parking regulations, becoming the first city in the United States to stop imposing minimum parking requirements for new and re-development projects. Since this change was adopted, data continues to be collected in order to illustrate the resulting effects on development in the urban landscape. By Daniel Baldwin Hess and Jeffrey Rehler for The Conversation, June 2021.

View Here - Many communities across the United States are giving a fresh look to Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lines as a method to boost transit options that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. The Federal Transit Administration is awarding hundreds of millions in funds for these bus lines, particularly in smaller urban areas where subway and light rail lines are hard to justify. By Ian Duncan for The Washington Post, July 2021.

A research paper by Katie Lockhart
for UNC Chapel Hill featuring Lexington, KY as a case study.

Read the paper: here